What nutrients are required for plant growth?

Photosynthesis requires: Carbon dioxide (CO2), Hydrogen and Oxygen (in the form of water H2O), these are required to produce glucose, fructose (and sucrose). Sunlight + CO2 + H2O = C6H12O6 + O2

Normal growth (growing processes) require the following "macronutrients" - these are the building blocks of plant growth:

N - Nitrogen (NO3 or NH4)
P - Phosphorus (PO4)
K - Potassium (potassium salts)
S - Sulfur (SO4)
Ca - Calcium (calcium nitrate)

Normal growth (metabolic processes) require the following "micronutrients" - these are used to synthesis protiens, vitamins and enzymes that are required to carry out other metabolic functions:

Mg - Magnesium
Fe - Iron
Cu - Copper
Zn - Zinc
Mn - Manganese
Mo - Molybdenum
B - Boron